Four types of Social Innovation and their impact on democracy in the 21st century
Cuatro tipos de Innovación Social y su impacto en la democracia del siglo XXI
Palabras clave:
social innovation, 21st century, inclusion, participationResumen
In modern history, there are various types of social innovation that have changed the world in different ways. In part, they go hand in hand with democratisation processes, but especially in the 21st century they harbour potential that threatens democracy. In this article, four types of social innovation are derived from the history of discourse and analysed in terms of their connection with democracy. The article argues that, especially in complex times, the acceptance of the new depends on how democratically it comes about and that, while strengthening democratic innovations is central to Europe's future, they are challenged by authoritarian notions of innovation. As a decisive parameter for a successful improvement or preservation of democratic systems, the article highlights the importance of the broadest possible inclusion, representation and participation in all four types.
Resumen
En la historia moderna, existen varios tipos de innovación social que han cambiado el mundo de diferentes maneras. En parte, estos han ido de la mano de los procesos de democratización, pero especialmente en el siglo XXI, han representado una amenaza para la democracia. En este artículo, se identifican cuatro tipos de innovación social derivadas de la historia y se analizan en términos de su conexión con la democracia. El artículo argumenta que, especialmente en tiempos complejos, la aceptación de lo nuevo depende de cómo se produzca democráticamente y que, si bien el fortalecimiento de las innovaciones democráticas es fundamental para el futuro de Europa, éstas se ven desafiadas por las nociones autoritarias de la innovación. Como parámetro decisivo para el éxito de la mejora o preservación de los sistemas democráticos, el artículo destaca la importancia de la inclusión, la representación y la participación más amplias posibles en los cuatro tipos.
Palabras clave: innovación social; democracia; siglo XXI; inclusión; participación.
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